Orthopaedics
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/193
2024-03-28T10:04:04ZHow long is the arm immobilised after a conservatively managed displaced proximal humerus fracture and does early mobilisation effect complication rates: A systematic review
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18407
How long is the arm immobilised after a conservatively managed displaced proximal humerus fracture and does early mobilisation effect complication rates: A systematic review
Tunnicliffe, Helen; Divall, Pip; Singh, Harvinder
Background: Conservative management of displaced proximal humerus fractures involves a period of rest in a sling followed by physiotherapy. The aim of this review is to provide a narrative synthesis of how long immobilisation is used, types of slings, when and how exercises are introduced, and if complications may be associated with these components. Method: A systematic search of the literature was undertaken. Two researchers screened relevant articles using Covidence software, with a third reviewer consulted for consensus. Data was extracted and a narrative synthesis is presented. Results: Thirty-nine studies were included (3059 studies screened, 159 full-text reviews). This included a cohort of 2664 patients with a mean age of 70.9. Time immobilised in sling ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Sling types were variable and were grouped into low, medium and higher levels of support. Exercises were introduced at variable timescales tending to introduce passive and pendular exercises first. Complications were reported in 243 incidences (9.1%). Discussion: There was vast variation in how long patients were immobilised for, types of slings used and when and how exercises were introduced and progressed. No relationship was found between complications and these components. Research to identify the most effective approach is required.
2024-03-21T00:00:00ZModified Mason-Allen vs two simple stitch fixation for medial meniscus posterior root tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18279
Modified Mason-Allen vs two simple stitch fixation for medial meniscus posterior root tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Aujla, Randeep; Boksh, Khalis; Elbashir, Mohamed
Background: Various suture configurations are available for medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) repair. The modified Mason-Allen (MMA) technique has been proposed as a refixation technique for MMPRT instead of the conventional 2 simple stitches (TSS). This is in view of its superior biomechanical characteristics. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare MMA and TSS configuration techniques for MMPRT repair and identify any differences between the 2 techniques in terms of clinical outcomes, medial meniscal extrusion (MME), and postoperative healing. Study design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria with the following search terms: ("meniscus" OR "meniscal injuries") AND ("Mason-Allen" OR "simple stitch" OR "suture techniques"). Data pertaining to all patient-reported outcome measures, postoperative complications, MME, postoperative healing, cartilage degeneration, and progression of knee osteoarthritis were extracted from each study. The pooled outcome data were analyzed using random- and fixed-effects models. Results: After abstract and full-text screening, 6 clinical studies were included. In total, there were 291 patients; 160 underwent MMA fixation, and 131 underwent the TSS technique. The majority of studies had similar surgical techniques regarding repair technique, suture material, tibial fixation, and number and position of tibial tunnels. There were no differences between the groups in terms of patient-reported outcome measures at 14.2 months. Both techniques were also similar in the degree of postoperative MME and meniscal healing. Conclusion: Both suture configurations were equivalent in terms of clinical outcomes, the extent of meniscal extrusion, and postoperative healing. The TSS technique may offer advantages in terms of faster learning curve and shorter operative time. However, randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes, longer follow-up and assessment of chondral degeneration, and presence of knee osteoarthritis are required to assess whether a true difference exists, as the majority of included studies were limited by their retrospective design.
2024-01-23T00:00:00ZAre displaced distal clavicle fractures associated with inferior clinical outcomes following non-operative management? A systematic review
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18235
Are displaced distal clavicle fractures associated with inferior clinical outcomes following non-operative management? A systematic review
Haque, Aziz
Background: Management of displaced distal clavicle fractures remains a topic of discussion due to notoriously high non-union rates, but there is little documented in the literature as to what effect this may have on patient-reported function. The aim of this systematic review was to look at non-operative management following displaced distal clavicle fractures to determine union rates, complications and patient reported outcome measures. Method: A review of the online databases MEDLINE and Embase was conducted, according to PRISMA guidelines. Clinical studies which included a cohort of non-operatively managed displaced distal clavicle fractures, and reported on union rate, complications, and patient-reported functional scores, were included. Results: 11 studies were eligible for inclusion (2 randomized controlled trials, 1 prospective non-comparative cohort study, 5 retrospective comparative cohort studies, and 3 case series) with a total of 779 patients included in this review. Average union rate was 63.2% (22.2% - 94.4%) in non-operatively managed patients, compared with 96.3% (87.9% - 100%) in operatively managed patients. The Constant-Murley Score, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder & Hand Score were the most frequently used outcome measure tools. No study demonstrated any significant difference in any outcome measure when comparing non-operative with operative treatment. Complication rate (including non-union) in non-operatively managed patients was 45.1%, with 11.1% requiring delayed surgery. Average complication rate in the operatively managed groups was 41.2%, with 40.1% requiring a second operation. Conclusion: Non-operative management of displaced distal clavicle fractures results in higher non-union rates, but shoulder function remains excellent, and risk of complications and delayed surgery are low. Decision-making must take into account patient factors and expectations to provide high-quality, individualized care.
2024-01-26T00:00:00ZLearning curve of total ankle arthroplasty: a systematic review
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18234
Learning curve of total ankle arthroplasty: a systematic review
Arshad, Zaki; Haq, Ibrahim I; Bhatia, Maneesh
Introduction: Together with ankle arthrodesis, total ankle arthroplasty is now accepted as a first-line intervention in the management of end-stage arthritis of the ankle. The evidence regarding how outcomes are affected by surgeon experience is inconsistent; we performed a systematic review to evaluate the effect of a learning curve in total ankle arthroplasty outcomes. Methods: An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane trials. Two reviewers independently conducted a two-stage title/abstract and full text screening. English-language original research studies comparing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), complication/revision rates, operative time, length of stay or radiation exposure according to surgeon experience were included. Quality assessment was performed using the methodological index for non-randomised studies. Results: All but one included study report either improved PROMs, reduced complication/revision rate, reduced hospital stay length/operative time or reduced radiation exposure with increasing surgeon experience. However, the majority of these findings lack statistical significance. Two studies assessing the plateau of the learning curve report a wide range of plateau thresholds between 9 and 39 cases. Conclusion: This review finds a largely non-significant trend towards improvements in PROMs, complication, and revision rates with improved surgeon experience. The lack of statistical significance in a number of studies may be partially explained by methodological flaws, with more suitably designed studies reporting significant improvements. Future research into the effect of advancements in implant design and insertion guides is required to further characterise the magnitude of the learning curve and guide both mitigation and learning strategies.
2024-02-01T00:00:00Z