Maternity
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/210
2024-03-28T17:22:02ZA call for new theories on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18267
A call for new theories on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis
Habiba, Marwan
2024-02-14T00:00:00ZInterventions to increase vaccination against COVID-19, influenza and pertussis during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/18064
Interventions to increase vaccination against COVID-19, influenza and pertussis during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ravindram, Pahalavi
Background: Pregnant women and their babies face significant risks from three vaccine-preventable diseases: COVID-19, influenza and pertussis. However, despite these vaccines' proven safety and effectiveness, uptake during pregnancy remains low. Methods: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023399488; January 2012-December 2022 following PRISMA guidelines) of interventions to increase COVID-19/influenza/pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. We searched nine databases, including grey literature. Two independent investigators extracted data; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to estimate pooled effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. Results: From 2681 articles, we identified 39 relevant studies (n = 168 262 participants) across nine countries. Fifteen studies (39%) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs); the remainder were observational cohort, quality-improvement or cross-sectional studies. The quality of 18% (7/39) was strong. Pooled results of interventions to increase influenza vaccine uptake (18 effect estimates from 12 RCTs) showed the interventions were effective but had a small effect (risk ratio = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03, 1.13). However, pooled results of interventions to increase pertussis vaccine uptake (10 effect estimates from six RCTs) showed no clear benefit (risk ratio = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94, 1.03). There were no relevant RCTs for COVID-19. Interventions addressed the 'three Ps': patient-, provider- and policy-level strategies. At the patient level, clear recommendations from healthcare professionals backed by text reminders/written information were strongly associated with increased vaccine uptake, especially tailored face-to-face interventions, which addressed women's concerns, dispelled myths and highlighted benefits. Provider-level interventions included educating healthcare professionals about vaccines' safety and effectiveness and reminders to offer vaccinations routinely. Policy-level interventions included financial incentives, mandatory vaccination data fields in electronic health records and ensuring easy availability of vaccinations. Conclusions: Interventions had a small effect on increasing influenza vaccination. Training healthcare providers to promote vaccinations during pregnancy is crucial and could be enhanced by utilizing mobile health technologies.
2023-12-28T00:00:00ZEarly pregnancy complications including recurrent pregnancy loss and obesity
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/17635
Early pregnancy complications including recurrent pregnancy loss and obesity
Potdar, Neelam; Iyasere, Cecilia
This review on early pregnancy complications and obesity will focus on the known pregnancy complications such as miscarriage (whether spontaneous or after fertility treatment), polycystic ovaries and risk of miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss, ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum and birth defects. Evidence will be assessed and mechanistic pathways for the outcomes will be described. We know that obesity is now a pandemic and has an impact on early pregnancy complications. The evidence has been summarised to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview and advice for pregnant women with obesity in early pregnancy.
2023-06-23T00:00:00ZDuration of type 2 diabetes and incidence of cancer: an observational study in England
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/17576
Duration of type 2 diabetes and incidence of cancer: an observational study in England
Zaccardi, Francesco; Brown, Karen; Davies, Melanie
Objective: To investigate the association between duration of type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence. Research design and methods: In the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database, we identified 130,764 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged ≥35 years at diagnosis who were linked to hospital and mortality records. We used sex-stratified Royston-Parmar models with two time scales to estimate incidence rates of all cancers, the four commonest cancers in the United Kingdom (colorectal, lung, prostate, breast), and the obesity-related cancers (e.g., liver, ovary) between 1 January 1998 and 14 January 2019, by age and diabetes duration. Results: During 1,089,923 person-years, 18,977 incident cancers occurred. At the same age, rates of all cancers in men and women did not vary across durations ranging from diagnosis to 20 years; conversely, for any duration, there was a strong, positive association between age and cancer rates. In men, the rate ratio (95% CI) comparing 20 with 5 years of duration was 1.18 (0.82-1.69) at 60 years of age and 0.90 (0.75-1.08) at 80 years; corresponding ratios in women were 1.07 (0.71-1.63) and 0.84 (0.66-1.05). This pattern was observed also for the four commonest cancers. For obesity-related cancers, although rates were generally higher in individuals with a higher BMI, there was no association with duration at any level of BMI. Conclusions: In this study, we did not find evidence of an association between duration of type 2 diabetes and risk of cancer, with the higher risk observed for longer durations related to ageing.
2023-08-28T00:00:00Z