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    The Oxford Agoraphobic Avoidance Scale

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    Author
    Jones, Julia
    O'Regan, Eileen
    Keyword
    Psychosis
    Agoraphobia
    Anxiety disorders
    Social isolation
    Date
    2021
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    DOI
    10.1017/S0033291721002713
    Publisher's URL
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/oxford-agoraphobic-avoidance-scale/EFAF264B7F56DDF4A98AA3CD9F4EE42E
    Abstract
    Background Agoraphobic avoidance of everyday situations is a common feature in many mental health disorders. Avoidance can be due to a variety of fears, including concerns about negative social evaluation, panicking, and harm from others. The result is inactivity and isolation. Behavioural avoidance tasks (BATs) provide an objective assessment of avoidance and in situ anxiety but are challenging to administer and lack standardisation. Our aim was to draw on the principles of BATs to develop a self-report measure of agoraphobia symptoms. Method The scale was developed with 194 patients with agoraphobia in the context of psychosis, 427 individuals in the general population with high levels of agoraphobia, and 1094 individuals with low levels of agoraphobia. Factor analysis, item response theory, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used. Validity was assessed against a BAT, actigraphy data, and an existing agoraphobia measure. Test–retest reliability was assessed with 264 participants. Results An eight-item questionnaire with avoidance and distress response scales was developed. The avoidance and distress scales each had an excellent model fit and reliably assessed agoraphobic symptoms across the severity spectrum. All items were highly discriminative (avoidance: a = 1.24–5.43; distress: a = 1.60–5.48), indicating that small increases in agoraphobic symptoms led to a high probability of item endorsement. The scale demonstrated good internal reliability, test–retest reliability, and validity. Conclusions The Oxford Agoraphobic Avoidance Scale has excellent psychometric properties. Clinical cut-offs and score ranges are provided. This precise assessment tool may help focus attention on the clinically important problem of agoraphobic avoidance.
    Citation
    Lambe, S., Bird, J. C., Loe, B. S., Rosebrock, L., Kabir, T., Petit, A., Mulhall, S., Jenner, L., Aynsworth, C., Murphy, E., et al. (2021). The Oxford Agoraphobic Avoidance Scale. Psychological Medicine, DOI: 10.1017/S0033291721002713
    Type
    Article
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/14882
    Collections
    Anxiety

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