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    Association between mirtazapine use and serious self-harm in people with depression: an active comparator cohort study using UK electronic health records

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    Author
    Morriss, Richard K.
    Butler, Debbie
    Hollis, Chris P.
    Keyword
    Self-injurious behaviour
    Depression
    Electronic health records
    Antidepressive agents
    Date
    2022
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    DOI
    10.1136/ebmental-2021-300355
    Publisher's URL
    http://ebmh.bmj.com/content/early/2022/03/03/ebmental-2021-300355
    Abstract
    Background Studies report an increased risk of self-harm or suicide in people prescribed mirtazapine compared with other antidepressants.Objectives To compare the risk of serious self-harm in people prescribed mirtazapine versus other antidepressants as second-line treatments.Design and setting Cohort study using anonymised English primary care electronic health records, hospital admission data and mortality data with study window 1 January 2005 to 30 November 2018.Participants 24 516 people diagnosed with depression, aged 18–99 years, initially prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and then prescribed mirtazapine, a different SSRI, amitriptyline or venlafaxine.Main outcome measures Hospitalisation or death due to deliberate self-harm. Age–sex standardised rates were calculated and survival analyses were performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for baseline covariates.Results Standardised rates of serious self-harm ranged from 3.8/1000 person-years (amitriptyline) to 14.1/1000 person-years (mirtazapine). After weighting, the risk of serious self-harm did not differ significantly between the mirtazapine group and the SSRI or venlafaxine groups (HRs (95% CI) 1.18 (0.84 to 1.65) and 0.85 (0.51 to 1.41) respectively). The risk was significantly higher in the mirtazapine than the amitriptyline group (3.04 (1.36 to 6.79)) but was attenuated after adjusting for dose.Conclusions There was no evidence for a difference in risk between mirtazapine and SSRIs or venlafaxine after accounting for baseline characteristics. The higher risk in the mirtazapine versus the amitriptyline group might reflect residual confounding if amitriptyline is avoided in people considered at risk of self-harm.Clinical implications Addressing baseline risk factors and careful monitoring might improve outcomes for people at risk of serious self-harm.No data are available. Data used in the study were provided under licence by CPRD (www.cprd.com) and cannot be shared by the authors. All code lists and the statistical code (in the form of Stata do-files) used to prepare and analyse the data are available on Zenodo.org (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4779024).
    Citation
    Joseph, R. M., Jack, R. H., Morriss, R. K., Knaggs, R. D., Butler, D., Hollis, C. P., Hippisley-Cox, J. & Coupland, C. (2022). Association between mirtazapine use and serious self-harm in people with depression: an active comparator cohort study using UK electronic health records. Evidence-Based Mental Health, DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2021-300355
    Type
    Article
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12904/15307
    Collections
    Medicines Management
    Depression

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