Healthcare Professionals' experience with the implementation of a recovery-oriented approach across in-patient units and assertive community treatment

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Recovery-oriented approaches in mental health emphasize personal growth, agency, and meaningful community integration. While endorsed by policies and reforms, the practical implementation of such approaches remains challenging, particularly in settings like Denmark, where structural fragmentation, professional hierarchies, and resource constraints may limit the adoption of holistic recovery principles. METHODS: This qualitative study employed focus group interviews with 21 health professionals from inpatient units and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams in Danish mental health services. Using inductive content analysis, we examined participants' perceptions, understandings, and experiences in implementing personal recovery-oriented practices. RESULTS: Four categories emerged: (1) "Creating New Control in Recovery" highlighted the importance of personal agency and collaborative care involving patients, families, and community stakeholders; (2) "Recovery-Oriented Practice within Professional Parameters" underscored efforts to balance patient preferences with clinical responsibilities; (3) "Barriers to Implementing Recovery-Oriented Practice" revealed systemic constraints, resource limitations, and emotional strain on staff; and (4) "Advocating for a Paradigm Shift towards Recovery-Oriented Approaches" emphasized the desire for interprofessional collaboration, the inclusion of peer workers, and structural reforms. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that while Danish health professionals recognize the value of personal recovery-oriented care, their capacity to realize this approach is constrained by organizational structures, professional hierarchies, and limited resources. Strengthening systemic support, enhancing interprofessional collaboration, and integrating peer expertise are critical to fostering more equitable, person-centered mental health services. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of recovery-oriented implementation in European contexts and may inform strategies that better support professionals and service users in achieving sustained, meaningful recovery.