Multidisciplinary high-fidelity simulation training for the management of laryngospasm following general and local anesthetic procedures

Abstract

Introduction: Laryngospasm is a potentially life-threatening airway emergency characterized by sudden, involuntary contraction of the laryngeal muscles, leading to partial or complete airway obstruction. Effective management of laryngospasm hinges on prompt recognition and appropriate intervention. The increase in laryngeal procedures performed under local anesthesia in outpatient settings necessitates that all involved multidisciplinary healthcare professionals be proficient in recognizing and managing laryngospasm promptly. Methods: A simulation-based training day was designed to provide a structured, multidisciplinary approach to the recognition and management of laryngospasm through both theoretical learning and hands-on practical experience during two high-fidelity simulation scenarios, using advanced manikins and a realistic clinical environment to replicate real patient responses and team dynamics (local anesthetic and general anesthetic). Each scenario was followed by a structured debriefing session where participants received immediate feedback from faculty members. Pre- and post-course feedback forms were collected to assess changes in knowledge, confidence, and perceived competence, each considered a primary outcome representing complementary aspects of learning targeted by the training. Results: Around 19 pre- and post-questionnaires were evaluated. Roles varied from resident doctors, ENT consultants, healthcare assistants, nurses, CNS, and speech and language therapists. All participants completed both simulation scenarios, and feedback was collected after the full training day. Overall, there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in participants' confidence and perceived competence in recognizing and managing laryngospasm. Conclusions: This study suggests that a multidisciplinary high-fidelity simulation workshop can enhance confidence and perceived competence in managing laryngospasm across both local and general anesthetic scenarios. Although knowledge gains were not statistically significant, the training's greatest value lies in fostering non-technical skills such as communication, leadership, and teamwork, which underpin effective airway crisis management and patient safety. Future sessions incorporating larger cohorts, objective assessments, and anesthetist participation may further strengthen the educational and clinical impact of this multidisciplinary approach.