Group consultations in diabetes care: qualitative insights from patients and practitioners to inform service redesign

Abstract

Aims: To identify the barriers and enablers influencing the uptake and delivery of diabetes group consultations, drawing insights from patients' and healthcare professionals’ perspectives. Methods: Between September and May 2025, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and primary care healthcare professionals. Participants were interviewed to discuss facilitators and barriers to attending or referring patients to attend diabetes group consultations. Using thematic analysis, interviews were coded based on Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework. Results: A total of 11 patients [eight attendees, three non-attendees] and 10 healthcare professionals [GPs, nurses, trainees] agreed to participate in this study. Key barriers identified include logistical challenges (such as scheduling and accessibility), difficulty relating to group dynamics, content relevance and unclear communication about session goals and benefits. Enablers to improve engagement, included structured education on medication management, diet and weight loss, patient segmentation and tailored group models. Peer support also emerged as a factor in reducing patient isolation and fostering shared learning. Conclusions: Uptake of group consultations can be improved by enhancing communication strategies, implementing balanced structured education with facilitated peer sharing, and offering flexible attendance options such as virtual participation or rotational clinics. By addressing barriers and leveraging enablers, group consultations can become a more effective and accessible resource for supporting diabetes management, enhancing patient outcomes and reducing pressures on individual clinical appointments.